Questions & Answers
Here we have answered the most common questions about our Ash2Phos process.
Do you have a question that you want to be answered? Please email info@easymining.se
| Ash2Phos typical recovery* | |
| Phosphorus | 82-90 % |
| Aluminium | 10-50 % |
| Iron | 10-20 % |
| Calcium | 80-90 % |
*The values for typical recovery are ash dependant
These values reflect, that we have optimized the recovery for phosphorus (P) (90% at moderate acid consumption) in clean and commercial form, the key purpose of Ash2Phos. More Fe and P can be recovered depending on the local/regional demand and price levels for i.e. FeCl3 and also for the sand color required.
The Ash2Phos process can reduce more than 96% of the heavy metals. The figure below show the compilation of the reduction rate (mg/kg PCP) of heavy metals from the Ahs2Phos process.
| Recovered P | Ash | % Reduction | ||
| As | mg/kg | 1,5 | 34,6 | 96 |
| Cd | mg/kg | 0,1 | 5,5 | 98 |
| Co | mg/kg | 0,7 | 32,4 | 98 |
| Cr | mg/kg | 1,7 | 232 | 99 |
| Cu | mg/kg | 5,5 | 1756 | 100 |
| Fe | mg/kg | 1340 | 202826 | 99 |
| Hg | mg/kg | - | 0,0526 | 100 |
| Pb | mg/kg | 3,6 | 344 | 99 |
| Zn | mg/kg | 45,9 | 6780 | 99 |
| Ni | mg/kg | 2,6 | 164,6 | 98 |
The potential markets for the recovered P product are as fertiliser for conventional farming, organic farming or as feed raw material. The main benefits are the purity (e.g. less than 0.1 mg/kg Cd, very low fluorine, very low heavy metals) and the low CO2 emissions compared to virgin products.
The PCP can today be used directly as fertiliser. It is not fully water soluble but has the same solubility in citric acid compared to commercial mono-calcium phosphate. It can be used directly as a slow release fertiliser or as feed phosphate. It is a versatile raw material and can be used by the existing fertiliser or feed phosphate industries for production of any kind of phosphorus product.
The legislation for feed is still linear (not circular), i.e. focusing on origin instead of quality. So even if the PCP is cleaner and have the same digestibility level as MCP (see Table 1), we still have legal barriers within the EU. The question is already on the EU commissions table to make the feed legislation circular, but it is unclear when and if this route will be open for recovered nutrients.
| Digestibility of P in citric acid | PCP (EasyMining) Precipitated Calcium Phosphate | MCP (Customer A) Mono-Calcium Phosphate | MCP (Customer B) Mono-Calcium Phosphate |
| Test 1 | 86,4% | 85,1% | 84,3% |
| Test 2 | 87,4% | 86,7% | |
| Test 3 | 95,0% | 85,5% | |
| Average | 89,6% | 85,8% | 84,3% |
The figure show a compilation of results from citric acid digestibility tests with Ash2Phos PCP, benchmarked with two different MCPs. Digestibility of P in citric acid indicates how easy the Phosphorus is dissolved in mono-gastric (chicken, pigs) animal’s stomach. The higher the % the higher is the available Phosphorus for animals. The test is the most accepted test for Phosphorus availability besides real tests on animals.
The Silica sand has potential to be used as cement replacement see our webinar on the webpage to learn more.
The Fe and Al- products are of high quality and can e.g. be recycled to the WWTP plants.
The advantage for our PCP is the direct applicability in existing fertiliser and feed production without technical adaptions. The silica sand has potential to be used in construction replacing sand or cement.
The Swedish Environmental Research Institute (IVL) has conducted a LCA study for an Ash2Phos plant located in Helsingborg with supply and valorization routes fitting that geography (~ 30 000 ton ash / y plant, only available in Swedish).
The results show that the recovery products from Ash2Phos will save significant amounts of CO2 emissions compared to using virgin products. Additionally, the decontamination of the products are very efficient in the Ash2Phos process.